![]() Resulting in a small electron affinity value close to zero: The half-filled orbitals give the atom some extra stability, Nitrogen atoms have a half-filled 2p sublevel of three electrons. ![]() For a few of the groups, we can see an increase in first electron affinitiesĪs we go from the bottom to the top, with maybe one exception per group this.Overall, first electron affinities increase across a single period,.Overall, first electron affinities become more positive moving left to right.All the noble gases have negative first electron affinities.There is no consistent global trend, but we do see a few patterns here and If an element has a negative electron affinity, theġ − ion of the element is less stable than the atom of theĮmpty white squares correspond to elements whose first electron affinities have If an element has a positive electron affinity, theġ − ion of the element is more stable than the atom of the This corresponds to an endothermic process. Meanwhile, a negative electron affinity indicates that the enthalpy change for Is positive, the enthalpy change for the same process is negative, which The electron affinity is the release of the energy, the amount ofĮnergy coming out, while the enthalpy change is the change in energy of the Hydrogen is not the same as the enthalpy change when we add an electron to a This is the process we have just described:īecause of the way electron affinity is defined, we need to be careful to notĮquate electron affinities with enthalpy changes. The energy given out is theĮlectron affinity of the atom (this can have a negative value too). The electron is introduced, and aġ − gaseous ion is produced. However, we often consider the process overall as beingĮlectron affinities are defined with the atom in the gas state sinceĮlements have very different bonding characteristics, it is easier toĬompare them this way. The first electron affinity of an atom is technically the energy released X ( ) + X ( ) X ( ) + X ( ) g g g g + –.Which of the following equations correctly shows the first electron Example 1: Identifying the Equation That Shows the First Electron Affinity of an
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